Simple computer programs can produce infinitely complex behavior

Science
Simple computer programs can produce infinitely complex behavior

Physicist Stephen Wolfram found that nature uses basic computational rules to grow intricate forms, like the spiral patterns and pigmentation on mollusk shells.

In the early 1980s, researchers began exploring the foundations of machine learning but struggled to make neural networks perform meaningful tasks. Decades later, a breakthrough revealed that if these systems are pushed with enough intensity, they eventually begin to learn and evolve. This discovery suggests that biological evolution and machine learning are deeply related processes driven by the same underlying computational principles.

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