American corporate research spending triples government and university funding

For decades, the standard model of American innovation followed a straight line: the federal government funded basic research at universities, and private companies eventually turned those discoveries into products. This system, established in 1945 by the landmark report Science: The Endless Frontier, defined the post-war era. However, the modern landscape has shifted so dramatically that private industry now outspends the government and universities combined by a ratio of three to one.