A massive concrete building was shaped entirely by hand
A massive concrete temple in Switzerland was built without a single straight line, requiring workers to hand-carve the molds for every curve like a giant sculpture.
The second Goetheanum, completed in 1928, is a towering example of 'organic expressionism.' Designed by Rudolf Steiner, the building was intended to look more like a living organism than a traditional hall. To achieve its fluid, swirling shapes, 100 artisans spent nearly a decade hand-finishing the wooden formwork into which 3,000 tons of concrete were poured. This was one of the first and largest uses of architectural concrete in a sculptural way.
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