Social strain theory suggests that crime occurs when cultural goals exceed structural opportunities
Social strain theory posits that crime is a rational response to a society that heavily promotes the 'American Dream' while systematically blocking the paths to achieve it.
Sociologist Robert Merton argued in his strain theory that criminal behavior arises when there is a profound disconnection between a culture's goals—such as wealth and status—and the legitimate means available to reach them. When individuals are saturated with the 'American Dream' but lack access to quality education or high-paying jobs, they experience a state of 'anomie' that makes illegitimate paths to success appear rational.
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