In 1921, a midnight treaty ended centuries of conflict and created the Irish Free State
After years of guerrilla warfare, Irish and British negotiators signed a high-stakes midnight treaty in 1921 that fundamentally reshaped the British Empire and birthed the modern Irish state.
In the early hours of December 6, 1921, Michael Collins and other Irish delegates signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty in London under intense pressure from British Prime Minister David Lloyd George. This historic document ended the brutal Irish War of Independence, establishing the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion.
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