Solar cells have powered satellites since 1958

In 1954, Bell Laboratories scientists developed the first practical silicon solar cell, achieving 6% efficiency. This breakthrough, by Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller, and Gerald Pearson, transformed sunlight into electricity, far surpassing earlier prototypes. Initially expensive, these cells first powered satellites like Vanguard 1 in 1958, which still orbits today. Now, commercial solar panels reach 15-22% efficiency, and their dramatically lower costs make solar power a leading clean energy source, fighting climate change.