In 1991, eleven republics signed a protocol that finally ended the Soviet Union
Eleven former Soviet republics gathered in Kazakhstan to sign the Alma-Ata Protocol, a historic agreement that peacefully dismantled a global superpower and reshaped the geopolitical landscape of the modern world.
On December 21, 1991, the Soviet Union effectively ceased to exist when leaders from eleven republics met in Kazakhstan to form the Commonwealth of Independent States. This diplomatic maneuver served as the final nail in the coffin for the USSR, transitioning millions of people from a centralized communist empire into citizens of sovereign nations.
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