A 2017 independence vote in Catalonia triggered Spain's biggest constitutional crisis in decades
A disputed independence referendum in Catalonia sent shockwaves through the European Union, pitting regional identity against the national sovereignty of the Spanish state in a high-stakes political standoff.
In 2017, the wealthy region of Catalonia held a controversial vote to secede from Spain, leading to the country's most intense constitutional crisis since its return to democracy. The Spanish government declared the move illegal, resulting in dramatic scenes of police seizing ballot boxes and clashes with voters.
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