How one engine sparked the Industrial Revolution
James Watt's highly efficient steam engine revolutionized factory production, driving the Industrial Revolution's massive expansion and fundamentally reshaping societies worldwide.
James Watt's improved steam engine, patented in 1769, dramatically powered the Industrial Revolution. His 1765 innovation of a separate condenser made engines five times more fuel-efficient than earlier versions, making them economically viable for widespread use. This breakthrough allowed factories, especially textile mills and ironworks, to operate continuously, replacing unreliable water wheels.
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