Neuroscience can explain how the brain processes data but not why we experience feelings

The 'Hard Problem' of consciousness, coined by David Chalmers in 1995, distinguishes between functional brain processes—like processing visual data—and qualia, which is the internal 'what it is like' to feel pain or see the color red. While we can observe the brain's response to a stimulus using fMRI, there is no known physical law that dictates why that response should be accompanied by an internal experience.