In 1919, a secret congress in Sivas laid the foundation for modern Turkey
In the shadow of a crumbling empire, a secret gathering of delegates in Sivas defied international pressure to draft a manifesto that would eventually birth the modern Republic of Turkey.
In September 1919, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk convened the Sivas Congress, a clandestine meeting that transformed a scattered resistance into a unified national movement. Following World War I, much of Anatolia faced occupation by Allied powers, threatening the very existence of a Turkish state.
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