San Marino is the world's oldest surviving sovereign republic
Founded in 301 CE by a stonemason seeking religious freedom, the tiny enclave of San Marino has maintained its independence and democratic traditions for over seventeen centuries.
San Marino traces its origins to September 3, 301 CE, when Saint Marinus established a small community on Mount Titano. This microstate is widely recognized as the world's oldest constitutional republic, having successfully navigated the rise and fall of empires while preserving its sovereignty.
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